A Study of the Impact of Flood Events on Settlement Areas in the Kish River Basin

The research will seek to understand the factors that cause flooding in the Kish River basin, the development of the flooding, and the effect of the flooding on the surrounding communities. The region is located on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. It is under pressure from environmental factors as well as anthropogenic activities. At higher elevations, undulations typically begin with mud-like movements that carry large volumes of sediment down the slope. As you move further into the valley, the narrowing walls and steeper slopes cause the water to gain speed, further exacerbating soil erosion. The danger increases in areas close to the base because towns are situated on fan-shaped deposits of unstable material. The floods devastated life and the economy in Kish, Sheki, and the surrounding villages. Since sudden downpours often overwhelm drainage systems, weather conditions largely determine when floods will occur. As temperatures rise, melting snow puts additional pressure on rivers that are already rising due to stormwater runoff. Human activities such as cutting down trees, farming too close to slopes or allowing animals to destroy vegetation further worsen surface runoff. When vegetation on the slopes decreases, water flows more quickly into the streams below. Instead of relying on a single solution, a combination of green restoration and smart management is required to mitigate the risk. Deep-rooted varieties are planted to slow down the runoff. Changes are made in the methods of ploughing the land to retain moisture. Engineering is required to ensure safety during the management of excess water. Success is not achieved by individual measures, but rather by the extent to which the measures are combined with the principles. Safety is not achieved by using force, but rather by adapting to the environment, which means making a choice that takes the practical changes into account.